# Câu 17 Phần I · Đề chính thức Tiếng Anh 2026 (Bộ GD&ĐT) – mã đề 1133

Tiếng Anh · 2026 · Đề chính thức Bộ GD&ĐT · mã đề 1133 · 50 phút  
Đáp án đối chiếu với file đáp án của Bộ GD&ĐT.  
Cập nhật: 27/10/2026. Nguồn: PrepMoon (https://prepmoon.com).

***Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 14 to 23.***

Environmental services, even when they arise without any human labour, are by no means cost-free. Every cost should be understood in terms of opportunity cost. For environmental services, the opportunity cost amounts to the net gain **relinquished** because the resources are no longer available for their second-best application. Whenever a resource has alternative uses, it cannot legitimately be deemed free.

For instance, a section of river might serve as a site used for either white-water canoeing or hydroelectric generation. Constructing a dam to produce electricity would flood the rapids, so this makes white-water canoeing here out of the question. The opportunity cost of preserving the river for canoeing equals the net benefit of the electricity that would otherwise have been produced, once the expenses of generation and distribution have been subtracted. By the same token, the opportunity cost of erecting the dam involves everything the river in its natural state would have provided – leisure activities, wildlife, scenic beauty, and whatever worth future generations might attach to experiencing the rapids.

This understanding carries considerable weight for planning development. **\[I\]** Numerous decisions initially appearing to be cost-free moves in favour of growth prove, when examined carefully, to be against something else. **\[II\]** Clearing a forest to make way for crops is hardly without cost; it is paid for through losses in carbon storage, biological diversity, and all the functions the forest once performed unnoticed. **\[III\]** Channelling a river for irrigation has its price – namely, whatever the river was doing before its course was altered. **\[IV\]** Even leaving a swathe of land alone exacts a cost, since the earnings that intensive exploitation might have produced are equally sacrificed.

From this perspective, economic development can never be reduced to whether a project delivers a positive return. Rather, what must be asked is whether that return outweighs the value of sacrifices. Policies considering this – by pricing scarce environmental services, or obliging those in charge to consider both sides – are not against development. What **they** demand is that development should be worth its true cost. The danger lies not in counting too much, but in counting too little.

(Adapted from *Environmental Economics and Policy*)

Where in paragraph 3 does the following sentence best fit?

**Such hidden costs only come to light when one stops to think about the roles nature itself is quietly playing.**

- **A.** \[I\]
- **B.** \[III\]
- **C.** \[IV\]
- **D.** \[II\]

**Đáp án đúng:** D

**Lời giải:**

Câu cần chèn (*Such hidden costs…*) nói các chi phí ẩn chỉ lộ ra khi ta nghĩ đến vai trò thầm lặng của tự nhiên. Nó đứng ngay sau câu nêu nhiều quyết định tưởng như không tốn kém thực ra là lựa chọn chống lại điều khác, và trước các ví dụ phá rừng, chuyển dòng sông. Đó là vị trí \[II\]. Chọn D.

Cả đề, có đáp án và lời giải: https://prepmoon.com/de-thi/tieng-anh/de-chinh-thuc-tieng-anh-2026-bo-gd-dt-ma-de-1133  
Trang câu hỏi: https://prepmoon.com/de-thi/tieng-anh/de-chinh-thuc-tieng-anh-2026-bo-gd-dt-ma-de-1133/phan-1-cau-17